This study aims to enhance sustainable global human capital management in transnational higher education (TNHE) by exploring the motivations of academic self-initiated expatriates (ASIEs) and the incentives for host institutions to attract international talent. Grounded in the international adjustment framework and the ability, motivation and opportunity (AMO) framework, it addresses the underexplored management of ASIEs within TNHE contexts, identifying factors that enhance their adjustment, motivation and performance.
Using a qualitative research approach, the study employed predefined theoretical frameworks to conduct 22 in-depth interviews with both host institution managers and ASIEs in 11 TNHE programmes across Vietnam.
The study reveals significant gender imbalances among ASIEs, with most originating from non-English-speaking countries. Visa and work permit acquisition challenges are prominent for both ASIEs and host institutions. Although ASIEs’ qualifications are highly valued, adaptability proves to be a more decisive criterion for selection. Most participants reported job satisfaction; however, notable differences emerged regarding motivations, salary expectations, retention preferences, performance management and determinants of success in expatriate roles.
This study contributes to TNHE literature by providing tailored recommendations for sustaining ASIEs’ management practices. By extending the AMO framework to TNHE, this research offers actionable insights into the role of culturally tailored motivation- and opportunity-enhancing practices that can help mitigate ASIEs’ adaptation challenges. The findings underscore the need for targeted human resource management (HRM) policies that address the specific needs of ASIEs, aiming to strengthen ASIEs’ retention and institutional alignment.
