...Sungah Hong; Christopher Richardson; Noor Fareen Abdul Rahim Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine push and pull factors influencing assigned expatriates’ (AEs) decision to remain in their host countries indefinitely as long-term migrants. Design/methodology/approach In-depth semi...

... Through e-interviews with 27 Nordic assigned expatriates in 16 host countries, we delineate and organize antecedents of assigned expatriates’ work engagement in a framework. Findings We identify two clusters of antecedents – general and specific – characteristic of expatriate settings (e.g. distance...

...Liisa Mäkelä; Vesa Suutari; Anni Rajala; Chris Brewster Purpose This study explores whether expatriation type (assigned expatriates (AEs) versus self-initiated expatriates (SIEs)) is linked to job exhaustion via possible differences in required efforts for their jobs and the rewards they gain from...

... the total cost of expatriation can be computed, the authors provide an exploratory overview of previous research on international assignments, expatriate return of investment (eROI) and principles of cost accounting. Then, essential costs of expatriation are discussed and combined in one model for assessing...