...Zachary A. Collier; Daniel Gibbs Purpose Firms specializing in product design but not in production often outsource manufacturing to a third party, but in the process of sharing intellectual property ( IP ), face the risk of IP theft. Overproduction occurs when the manufacturer produces...

... in attracting IT R&D inflow in offshored hosts and, more importantly, whether R&D offshoring provides instrumental and legitimate IT innovation returns (intellectual property (IP)) to outsourcing countries as investors. Design/methodology/approach The authors combine the calculus of host‐country...