... development Social change Globalization has engendered a heightened interconnectedness among nations, leading to a scenario where events occurring in one country can significantly impact others (Zhang et al., 2022). The resultant challenges, such as economic crises, social unrest...

... institutional profile (CIP) as a useful theoretical framework for analyzing the host country institutional environment. Findings The existing model that describes the MNC as a social change agent within host country institutions is extended. This is accomplished by utilizing the CIP as a more formal...