..., it reduces market valuation (Tobin’s Q), suggesting a degree of investor skepticism. Although family ownership negatively influences both performance metrics, it positively moderates the CSR–Tobin’s Q relationship, suggesting enhanced credibility. However, this effect is not consistent over time and remains...

... and inevitable change agent, information and communications technology (ICT) expenses, influence the ESG’s impact on bank valuation. Design/methodology/approach Panel data regression is conducted using valuation (Tobin’s Q and market capitalization) as endogenous variables, and ESG and expenditure on ICT...