Seismic response evaluation of sites improved by deep mixing, Part I: Proposed approach

The objective of this paper is to develop a simplified design procedure to aid designers in selecting the optimum design of deep-mixing (DM) dimensions for a site treated using DM technology. This was accomplished based on a parametric study that focused on the influence of many important variables that affect the seismic behaviour of DM-treated soils. A two-dimensional effective stress program (TARA-2M) was used in the parametric study. The procedures developed provide the residual pore water pressure at DM-treated sites at various locations within and around the DM columns. The proposed simplified approach extends the routinely used and well-established liquefaction evaluation procedure for one-dimensional soil deposits to DM-treated sites based on seismic response results from the TARA-2M parametric study. The companion paper presents the verification of the proposed approach.