Field performance of an excavation using sleeve grouting

In order to prevent the in-flow of groundwater, double-packer sleeve grouting is commonly applied in excavations in sand but a complete case history has been seldom reported in the literature. A case history of an excavation from Kaohsiung, Taiwan is presented in this paper, demonstrating the use of double-packer sleeve grouting in sand. In addition to details of grouting, measurements taken from this case history also include lateral wall movement, piezometric level, ground settlement, settlement and tilting of the structure, and crack width on the façade of an adjacent building. It was found that the use of sleeve grouting using appropriate materials and operation criteria can possibly reduce the permeability of sand to 5 × 10⁻⁴ mm/s. Sleeve grouting was found to limit the movement of water surrounding the excavation, which, in turn, led to limited ground movement and limited damage to adjacent buildings.