Flame-retardant performance of phosphorylated furan-containing alkyd resins

Over the past decade, with the emergence of environmental and human health concerns, research has focused on developing new solutions to replace fossil resources with more sustainable biobased resources. Furan derivatives can be obtained from plants, and their structures provide high resistance to high temperatures. Furan derivatives have been functionalized with phosphorus (P) to increase their fire-resistance properties. Thus, a new biobased bisfuran containing nitrogen and phosphorus (diethyl (((3-((((diethoxyphosphoryl)(hydroxy)(4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)benzyl)amino)(hydroxy)(4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)methyl)phosphonate (HMF-MXDA-DEP)) was synthesized and used for the first time in polymerization to develop alkyd resins. The flame-retardant (FR) properties of these resins were studied. Alkyd resins are generally used as a binder in paint or varnish formulations. The use of a reactive FR during the polycondensation reaction of alkyd resins makes it possible to form covalent bonds and offer better durability over time. The impact of HMF-MXDA-DEP on film properties such as drying time, flexibility, adhesion and color was studied, and the thermal and FR properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis–combustion flow calorimetry. Increased thermal stability and good FR properties of alkyd resins were demonstrated. In the cone calorimeter test, the lowest peak heat release rate (pHRR) was obtained with a coating of 2 wt% phosphorus HMF-MXDA-DEP on wood, and a 49% decrease in pHRR compared with that of FR-free alkyd resins was demonstrated.