... and energy utilization efficiency, thereby providing technical support for green manufacturing. Using the response surface methodology, the optimal combination of process parameters was determined as follows: adhesive saturation of 62.4%, layer thickness of 62.7 μm, printing speed of 58.6 mm/s, and curing...

...) following the STM D3801 standard. The mechanical properties of the samples were examined through flexural tests in a three-point bending mode, using a universal testing machine UTM-S1090 (SPICO, Tehran, Iran), according to ASTM D790-10. adhesive material characterization material chemistry...

...Mert Yildirim, MSc; Zeki Candan, PhD; Burak Aksoy, PhD; Turker Dundar, PhD The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of two different types of lignosulfonate (LS1 and LS2) added to urea–formaldehyde adhesive on the performance properties of five-layered plywood panels. The physical...

...Mert Yildirim, MSc; Zeki Candan, PhD; Oktay Gonultas, PhD Urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin is the most important used adhesive in the production of wood-based composite panels, such as particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, oriented strand board and plywood. The aim of this work was to investigate...

... for modern adhesive applications were generated through torrefaction of white birch bark from 260 to 340°C. The process was inspired by the ancient two-pot method. Solvent extraction with acetone was applied to isolate the specific adhesive compounds from the torrefaction residue. The chemical structure...