... support on election day, effective campaigns require a political machine with networks of operatives capable of canvassing constituencies and turning out voters (Stokes, 2005 ; Larreguy et al., 2016). In interwar France, however, national political parties were not yet fully institutionalized...

... of Emerald Publishing Limited must be obtained for commercial re-use. Intendants France bureaucracy state capacity state building In the study of political development, fiscal capacity plays a crucial role in understanding the centralization of state authority. For it proxies the state’s...