... vs incompetent, and (4) Transformations: intentional vs incidental. Originality/value The research shows that Japan’s onnagata transvestism tradition and its influences on women’s beauty practice have existed since the premodern period, preceding contemporary cross-gender beauty practices...

...Klara Arnberg Purpose By studying the marketing of advertising space, this paper aims to study how class, gender and region were portrayed in terms of economic considerations in adverts selling advertising space to potential advertisers. The paper studies how readers were discursively transformed...

... not only a foreign culture but also a very male-dominant discipline. Findings While times have changed and gender barriers are lower today, challenges remain. In addition, the set of choices faced by women with partners in the same discipline differ significantly and complicate the family-work balance...

...Bernadette Whelan; Lauren Clark Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the role of children in an emergent Irish consumer culture and advertising from 1848-1921. In particular, the significance of children's gender and reading materials in the process of consumption will be evaluated...

...). © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013 Hazel Kyrk Helen Woodward Female contributors to marketing Marketing theory Advertising practice Socialism Critical reformism Gender Women Marketing Tadajewski and Maclaran (2013) started the development of this special issue...

... exceptions to this inasmuch as prenuptial and related contracts were available that limited the power of husbands over their wives' property. What the quote from Witkowski should remind us is that even those who were highly motivated to succeed in this gender stratified environment were constrained...

... appliances, household furniture, feminine hygiene products). Scientific management Gender Relationship marketing Homemaking Department stores Be sure that all practice of dealing with the customer, as standardized and taught is based on a real knowledge of what is best practice...