.... Presence, Clarity, and Richness were systematically coded from hotel websites and complemented by qualitative insights from published expert statements. The PVI was constructed as a theory-informed composite benchmarking index, while the SVS was designed as an applied scorecard for hotel and destination...

...Çağdaş Ertaş; Halil İbrahim Karakan Purpose This study investigates whether and how global hotel websites reflect uncertainty avoidance tendencies amid increasing digital standardization in the hospitality industry. It addresses a gap in the literature by examining the relevance of culture...