... Muslim investors using the Stockbit platform. Prior research has rarely examined how religiosity, financial literacy and risk perception jointly shape such decisions or how income moderates these relationships. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach using structural equation modeling...

...” and that income from this source is relatively lower. They also show that a large number of Islamic banks engage in natural income smoothing. Based on the determination coefficient results, 70 per cent of banks were found to have less smoothed total revenue than their net income. Results based on variation...