..., Islamic philanthropy and waqf studies (Mohamad et al., 2023). This study uses an enhanced version of the TPB to examine waqf behavior in Uzbekistan. The country’s distinctive religious history, following the Soviet Union, suggests that spiritual dedication and societal...

... works. These writings extend beyond definitions, providing detailed coverage of the recipients, assets subject to zakat and the procedures for their distribution. Scholars have studied zakat extensively because it is a fundamental concept of Islamic philanthropy. Charitable behaviours have long been...