Figure 1. Conceptual model A conceptual model links crowdfunding factors, Fintech, blockchain, and housing support projects. The model connects efficiency of crowdfunding platforms to housing and infrastructure support projects through H 1. Transparency of Islamic crowdfunding connects to hous... More about this image found in Conceptual model A conceptual model links crowdfunding factors, Fintech,...

Figure 2. Measurement model (PLS-SEM) and path coefficient A structural model presents relationships among E C P, T I C, Fintech, blockchain, and H I C P. The model links E C P to Fintech with a path coefficient of 0.468 and to H I C P with a path coefficient of 0.215. T I C connects to blockc... More about this image found in Measurement model (PLS-SEM) and path coefficient A structural model pres...

Figure 3. Structural model of the study (final model) A structural model presents path coefficients, significance values, and construct scores. The model links E C P to Fintech with a coefficient of 0.468 and p value 0.000, and to H I C P with a coefficient of 0.215 and p value 0.000. T I C co... More about this image found in Structural model of the study (final model) A structural model presents ...

Figure 1. Components of framework for generative AI Source: Authors An infographic links Shariah governance, A I regulation, and A I lifecycle stages. The three connected elements state that Shariah governance ensures adherence to Islamic principles in A I applications. A I regulation pro... More about this image found in Components of framework for generative AI Source: Authors An infogr...

Figure 2. AI lifecycle – a structured framework of generative AI for IFI Source: Authors A process diagram lists 5 stages for Shariah aligned A I governance and oversight. The sequence begins with Shariah governance layer, including Shariah supervisory board and Shariah audit and comp... More about this image found in AI lifecycle – a structured framework of generative AI for IFI Sourc...

Figure 3. Stakeholder integration for AI implementation Source: Authors An infographic compares stakeholder roles in ethical and compliant A I driven financial services. The framework places compliance and ethics focus, operational focus, low involvement, and high involvement around the s... More about this image found in Stakeholder integration for AI implementation Source: Authors An in...

Figure 4. Potential implementation path Source: Authors A flow diagram lists 6 actions for implementing Shariah aligned A I governance. The process begins beside a central workflow icon with crossing arrows. Leadership alignment uses an organisational chart icon and ensures strategic direct... More about this image found in Potential implementation path Source: Authors A flow diagram lists 6 ...

Figure 1. Theoretical framework A path model links transformational leadership to knowledge innovation, employee performance, intrinsic motivation, and organisation performance. The model contains five labelled boxes. Transformational leadership connects to knowledge innovation, employee perfo... More about this image found in Theoretical framework A path model links transformational leadership to ...

Figure 2. Path model A structural model connects T L, K I, E P, I M, and O P with their indicator labels and directional paths. The model has five circular variables and twenty labelled indicators. T L connects to T L 1, T L 2, T L 3, and T L 4. K I connects to K I 1, K I 2, and K I 3. E P con... More about this image found in Path model A structural model connects T L, K I, E P, I M, and O P with ...

Figure 1. Checking the stability of VAR system Source(s): Authors’ data processing results A set of 3 scatter plots places points within circular outlines on axes from minus 1.5 to 1.5. The set contains 3 scatter plots. Each plot has a horizontal axis from minus 1 to 1 and a vertical axis... More about this image found in Checking the stability of VAR system Source(s): Authors’ data processi...

Figure 2. IRF results on ROA model Source(s): Authors’ data processing results A 12-panel response chart tracks R O A changes to innovations, with 95 per cent confidence intervals across 23 periods. The chart contains 12 small line graphs under the title Response to Cholesky One S D, d ... More about this image found in IRF results on ROA model Source(s): Authors’ data processing results ...

Figure 3. IRF results on NOM model Source(s): Authors’ data processing results A 12-panel response chart tracks N O M changes to innovations, with 95 per cent confidence intervals across 23 periods. The chart contains 12 small line graphs under the title Response to Cholesky One S D, d ... More about this image found in IRF results on NOM model Source(s): Authors’ data processing results ...

Figure 4. IRF results on Z-Score model Source(s): Authors’ data processing results A 12-panel response chart tracks Z S C O R E changes to innovations, with 95 per cent confidence intervals across 23 periods. The chart contains 12 small line graphs under the title Response to Cholesky One... More about this image found in IRF results on Z-Score model Source(s): Authors’ data processing result...