... the gaps in effective CM implementation. Research limitations/implications This article contributes in the concept of competency-based intellectual capital and adoption of CM practices. Practical implications This framework will assist the change management practitioners, human resources leaders...

... is obtained. Design/methodology/approach First, the existing literature on change management and IC management is reviewed. Then, empirical research is carried out in terms of an action research project on IC development processes in three case companies. These processes and their outcomes are evaluated...

... such as business management, philosophy, and psychology coupled with professional experience was employed to conceive the framework. Findings The framework can be a starting‐point for researchers to initiate research in the design of technological innovation systems, change management and organizational...