Figure 1. Structure of construction engineering management information system A workflow diagram shows B I M based processes linking building structure modelling, collision detection, integrated models, drawing review, and mechanical and electrical construction outputs. The diagram shows a pro... More about this image found in Structure of construction engineering management information system A wo...

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of data integration and collaboration platform built by BIM A layered architecture diagram shows interface, data, deck, and application layers for a B I M system with linked data sources and services. The diagram presents a multi layer B I M system architecture. T... More about this image found in Schematic diagram of data integration and collaboration platform built by ...

Figure 3. BIM-GIS building data integration method flowchart A workflow diagram shows data acquisition and data processing steps for drone survey, three dimensional modelling, accuracy evaluation, O S G B output, and integration with a B I M model platform. The diagram presents a complete work... More about this image found in BIM-GIS building data integration method flowchart A workflow diagram sh...

Figure 4. Construction schedule optimisation flow chart A workflow diagram shows B I M based construction scheduling from product and temporary models through I F C conversion, resource allocation, duration estimation, and schedule rationality judgement. The workflow begins with a product mode... More about this image found in Construction schedule optimisation flow chart A workflow diagram shows B...

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of IFC improved collaborative design framework A workflow shows I F C data supporting B I M scheme, deepening, and delivery models across architectural, structural, and M E P design phases. The workflow starts with an I F C physical file feeding a structured datab... More about this image found in Schematic diagram of IFC improved collaborative design framework A wor...

Figure 6. Building information collaborative design framework based on BIM-GIS A B I M G I S collaborative design management platform shows roles, data integration, coordination, uploading, receiving, and feedback across construction and drawing design teams. The diagram presents a B I M G I S... More about this image found in Building information collaborative design framework based on BIM-GIS A B...

Figure 7. Integrated delay test results A line chart compares integration time in minutes across 10 integrated paths for B I M G I S and three other integration methods. The image contains two side-by-side line charts labelled a and b. The horizontal axis shows the integrated path number from ... More about this image found in Integrated delay test results A line chart compares integration time in ...

Figure 8. Comparison of building data integration effects A set of five three-dimensional node network diagrams compares spatial integration effects before and after different data integration methods. The image shows five subfigures labelled a to e, each displaying a three-dimensional node ne... More about this image found in Comparison of building data integration effects A set of five three-dime...

Figure 9. Power data integration test results A set of five three dimensional plots compares data integration effects using structured, semi structured, and unstructured data across different integration methods. The image presents five three-dimensional plots labelled a to e. Each plot uses t... More about this image found in Power data integration test results A set of five three dimensional plot...

Figure 10. Construction progress comparison results chart A set of Gantt-style charts compares construction schedule preparation across Platform 1, Platform 2, Platform 3, and Platform 4 using progress units and days. The image presents four Gantt-style construction schedules for Platform 1, P... More about this image found in Construction progress comparison results chart A set of Gantt-style char...

Figure 11. Comparison of management performance at different construction stages A grouped bar chart compares estimated design working time, target consumption, and final consumption for Platform 1 to Platform 4 in hours. The chart shows time in hours on the vertical axis and three stages on t... More about this image found in Comparison of management performance at different construction stages A ...

Figure 1. Location map of the Shimla district study area in Himachal Pradesh, India Three maps show India, Himachal Pradesh, and Shimla district with highlighted study area and locations. The panel a shows a map of India with state boundaries, major cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and K... More about this image found in Location map of the Shimla district study area in Himachal Pradesh, India ...

Figure 2. Flowchart of the methodology utilised for groundwater potential zone mapping A flowchart shows methodology for groundwater potential zoning using multiple data sources and analysis. The flowchart presents a sequence starting with statement of the problem, followed by literature revie... More about this image found in Flowchart of the methodology utilised for groundwater potential zone mappin...

Figure 3. Geological map of Shimla district showing various rock types and lithological formations A map shows geology with rock types slate, dolomite, shale, quartzite, phyllite, gneiss, schist, diamictite, limestone, and sandy units across the study area. More about this image found in Geological map of Shimla district showing various rock types and lithologic...

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of average annual rainfall across Shimla district A map shows annual rainfall zones from 406 to 674, 675 to 842, 843 to 1041, 1042 to 1213, and 1214 to 1426 millimetres across the study area. More about this image found in Spatial distribution of average annual rainfall across Shimla district A...

Figure 5. Slope map of Shimla district A map shows slope classes from 0 to 16.44, 16.45 to 25.13, 25.14 to 33.19, 33.2 to 42.81, and 42.82 to 79.1 degrees across the study area. More about this image found in Slope map of Shimla district A map shows slope classes from 0 to 16.44, ...

Figure 6. Soil texture classification map of Shimla district A map shows soil texture classes coarse, medium, and fine distributed across the study area. More about this image found in Soil texture classification map of Shimla district A map shows soil text...