... Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012 Developing countries Innovation National economy Economic development Open innovation Emerging country Technological capabilities The most frequently used definition of open innovation is “the use of purposive inflows and outflows...

... – that research activities were improperly taking professors away from their traditional role as teachers (Jencks and Riesman, 1968). Universities are now undergoing a second transformation in which economic development is added to research and teaching as a legitimate function (Etzkowitz, 2002). In the late...