Mechanical properties of carbon-nanotube-reinforced cementitious materials: database and statistical analysis

This paper aims to provide guidelines for selecting the correct type of carbon nanotube (CNT) to improve the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. Previous researchers have discussed the effect of CNT characteristics on their dispersion quality. However, the effect of these characteristics on the mechanical properties of CNT-reinforced cementitious materials is not fully understood. To clarify this, the study reported in this paper was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a database was established from the literature to study the influences of three different parameters associated with CNTs (length, diameter and concentration based on the weight percent of cement powder (c-wt%)) on compressive and flexural strengths. The analyses revealed that short and small-diameter CNTs could be beneficial for increasing compressive strength. Conversely, relatively long and large-diameter CNTs were more effective in increasing flexural strength. In general, an average CNT length of 10–20 μm and an average diameter of 20–32·5 nm resulted in the highest overall mechanical performance. The optimal upper limit concentrations for flexural and compressive strengths were found to be 0·15 and 0·20 c-wt%, respectively. In the second phase of this study, the statistical analyses were experimentally verified using the CNT optimum length, two diameters and three levels of concentrations.