The shrinkage and creep of concrete

This paper describes an investigation made at the Laboratoires du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics at Paris into the principal factors influencing the creep and shrinkage of concrete. The main conclusions drawn are that both creep and shrinkage are directly proportional to the amount of cement paste in the concrete, that creep is directly proportional to the sustained stress, and that both creep and shrinkage are greatly affected by the relative humidity of the atmosphere. Three equations are given from which shrinkage, creep, and total shortening can be calculated.