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Steel-reinforced concrete is a major construction material that has a long record of successful use. The most significant problem affecting its durability is corrosion of the reinforcing steel. In the alkaline concrete environment, the steel is protected by a passive film. However, either chloride contamination or carbonation of the concrete cover may result in corrosion-induced deterioration.

Chloride-induced deterioration represents a particularly challenging problem to solve. The tolerance of reinforced concrete to chloride contamination is represented by the chloride threshold level above which corrosion is found to occur. A wide range of chloride threshold levels has been reported in practice. Higher...

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