Foreword: Challenges for advancing the performance of military concrete Available to Purchase

Various types of concrete materials have been used in construction for more than 2000 years, but their low tensile strengths limited application to mainly structural members in compression. The introduction of the reinforced concrete concept in the mid-nineteenth century was a catalyst that propelled concrete to its current role as the leading construction material around the world. As the chemistry, mechanics and engineering of structural concrete advanced, so did demand and the exploration of new application areas.

The application of structural concrete for modern military fortification can be traced to the early 1900s when combinations of concrete and steel were...