Microstructural and phase analysis of cement composites with anti-freeze admixtures: a comprehensive literature review

The service life of concrete structures depends on the durability characteristics of the concrete composite, which in turn is highly affected by the weather conditions. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the microstructural properties of concrete made incorporating anti-freeze admixture (AFA). Research indicates that the AFA improves the internal pore structure, enhances hydration, prevents microcracks and may act as bridging elements for cracks or as heat sinks/sources within the concrete. This paper also provides a detailed analysis of the microstructural analysis techniques used for evaluating concrete composites, offering recommendations for improved sample preparation, addressing the limitations of these techniques and ensuring reliable result analysis. A deeper understanding of various microstructural evaluation methods aims to assist researchers in selecting appropriate analysis methods and achieving more accurate results.