... A, f_j is the fraction of value x_j ∈ A with j = 1, 2,…, K and S_xj is entropy, which has a similar to formula to the entropy S (Yang, 2019). machine learning (ML) non-destructive testing plain concrete...

... fragmentation impact loading rate & size effects plain concrete split Hopkinson pressure bar tensile properties β increase rate parameter ε I ,   ε R ,   ε T incident strain, reflected strain and transmitted wave strain, respectively...

... et al., 2020 ; Muralidhara et al., 2010 ; Otsuka and Date, 2000). 21 02 2023 28 12 2023 Emerald Publishing Limited: All rights reserved 2023 cracks & cracking critical crack length fracture & fracture mechanics fracture toughness plain concrete...

... rights reserved 2024 impact microstructure nanoparticles plain concrete strength & testing of materials Cement-based materials have long been used in various applications in construction and are very complex materials with a multi-scale internal structure (Aggarwal, et al...

... dynamics impact plain concrete In recent years, there has been a significant increase in terrorist activities around the world, which may be detrimental to civil engineering structures, in addition to the cost of lives. Therefore, it is essential to study material properties at high strain rates...

... cracks (TFCs), toughening mechanisms) for varying ITZ properties and water/cement (w/c) ratios. Plain concrete beams of size 700 × 150 × 80 mm (l × d × b) with varying w/c ratios were tested under centre-point loading by controlling the crack mouth opening displacement...

...Berat Feyza Soysal; Yalin Arici; Kagan Tuncay A modified applied element model to simulate the behaviour of plain concrete continuum structures including discrete cracking is proposed in this study. In the classical applied element model, Poisson effects are fully ignored. To remediate this issue...

...-known semi-empirical and empirical models. The sensitivity of the present model to the changes in the key parameters confirms the trend in behaviours reported in the various experimental works and models. bond composite materials concrete plain concrete pull-out testing Extensive...

... fracture & fracture mechanics non-destructive testing plain concrete K_Icⁱⁿⁱ can be solved based on the double-K fracture criterion (Xu and Reinhardt, 1999a , 1999b), expressed as follows: As shown in Figure 2...

... as defined in the Japan Industrial Standard (JIS R 5210 (JCI, 2009)). Although most tunnel lining at portals is constructed using reinforced concrete (RC), generally tunnel lining concrete is plain concrete without steel reinforcement. A coarse aggregate of 40 mm (max.) is often used in plain concrete...

... finite element methods plain concrete shear Reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls are widely used as a lateral load resisting system in medium and tall buildings to provide resistance and non-linear deformation against wind and earthquake loads. Because of the widespread use of RC shear walls...

... displaced and therefore should satisfy 1 F = G 1 − G 2 = ρ w g V dw 05 04 2019 04 07 2019 09 07 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 compressive strength permeability & pore-related properties plain concrete...

... of cylindrical plain concrete columns retrofitted with pre-stressed steel strips, a static loading experiment was performed on 18 large-scale specimens. Failure mode, strain development and ultimate bearing capacity were thoroughly examined, and the effects of volumetric ratio, number of layers and spacing...

... 2019 cracks & cracking fracture & fracture mechanics plain concrete Due to the existence of the fracture process zone (FPZ), both traditional strength criterion and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) are inapplicable for quasi-brittle materials like concrete, inducing...

... reserved 2019 fracture & fracture mechanics plain concrete temperature-related & thermal effects From Equation 2 , it is found that the key problem when calculating K_R curves lies in determining the cohesive toughness...

... for determining the tensile strength of plain concrete has been investigated and assessed in several studies (e.g. Carmona et al., 2013 ; Chen and Yuan, 1980 ; Kim et al., 2015 ; Marti, 1989 ; Molins et al., 2009). According to these studies, the DPT has the advantages of being...

...Dipak Kumar Sahoo; Biju P. Varghese Isolated strut tests were performed to study the effect of plain concrete lateral confinement on the efficiency of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) bottle-shaped struts. For the 2D struts, thin plain concrete panels of varying width were tested...

... , a geometrical relationship was further established to express d_s in terms of α_s, yielding 14 d s = α s sin ⁡ α 21 02 2017 15 03 2018 12 04 2018 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2018 load transfer plain...

...); these test results are also summarised in Table 2 . 23 08 2017 13 12 2017 21 12 2017 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2018 compressive strength plain concrete reinforcement To improve the seismic resistance of rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns...

... Publishing: All rights reserved 2017 durability-related properties plain concrete sulfates/sulfate resistance Freeze–thaw damage can seriously influence the service life of concrete structures and, in cold nations and regions, in-service concrete structures are subjected to a considerable...