..., sulfate attack and freeze–thaw damage, and evaluates their relevance to emerging binder chemistries. Advances in accelerated and natural exposure testing, as well as hybrid approaches integrating experimental data with modelling frameworks for service-life prediction, are discussed. Particular attention...

... geopolymers microstructure seawater service life testing, structural elements Significant research over the last few decades confirms the role of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in reducing the negative impacts of carbon emissions and greenhouse gases (Hassan et al., 2019 ; Xu...