... reserved 2022 aggregates cement paste testing, apparatus & methods Concrete is a multiphase composite material made from cement, water, fine aggregate (e.g. sand) and coarse aggregate (e.g. gravel or limestone). The type and proportions of the constituent materials have significant...

... in Figure 1 . carbonation sustainability testing, apparatus & methods This research has direct and immediate application in industry and specifiers and is important to underpin the real performance of concrete mixes with lower embodied carbon dioxide (CO_{2). It is also useful}...

... properties seawater testing, apparatus & methods This literature survey shows that there have been numerous studies on chloride penetration in concrete exposed to a marine environment. However, most of them focused on concrete that was either immersed in natural or simulated seawater...

... 08 10 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 failure stress testing, apparatus & methods Plastic concrete consists of aggregate, cement, water and bentonite clay mixed at a high water–cement ratio to produce a ductile material whose strength is between conventional...

... stiffeners; (b) with stiffeners 04 04 2019 13 07 2019 11 09 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 finite element methods loads & loading testing, apparatus & methods Concrete-filled steel hollow-section (CFSHS) columns with square and rectangular...

.... 27 12 2018 07 08 2019 19 08 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 cement/cementitious materials curing testing, apparatus & methods Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, a by-product obtained in the iron-making process, is increasingly used to replace...

...) ^f Roctest (2018a) 03 04 2019 19 07 2019 31 07 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 testing, apparatus & methods non-destructive testing structural analysis The Fabry–Pérot FOS (Figure 2) – a commonly used local FOS in civil engineering...

.... The final results were taken as the arithmetic means of all test data. 21 02 2019 27 06 2019 03 07 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 fibre-reinforced concrete temperature-related & thermal effects testing, apparatus & methods Great progress has...

... technique are envisaged. ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2019 bond pull-out testing testing, apparatus & methods The elements that comprise a reinforced-concrete (RC) structure can be subjected to both compressive and tensile forces. The compressive strength of concrete is very...

... aggregates mortar testing, apparatus & methods ‘Photocatalytic concrete’ has attracted significant interest all over the world as it has the potential to remove pollutants generated by vehicles and combustion, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), aromatics, ammonia and aldehydes from the atmosphere...

... 52·4 48·6 2·9 Table 3. Steel bar characterisation Bar diameter: mm f_y: MPa ε_y: % 10·0 523·9 0·26 12·0 544·9 0·27 4·5 543·3 0·27 6·0 538·0 0·27 8·0 533·5 0·27 punching testing, apparatus...

... artefacts (Forsberg, 2008). 05 03 2018 28 07 2018 21 08 2018 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2018 aggregates testing, apparatus & methods workability The characteristics of concrete in both fresh and hardened states are of great importance for optimising...

... 32 900 09 09 2017 13 12 2017 06 02 2018 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved 2018 compressive strength temperature-related & thermal effects testing, apparatus & methods With rapid urbanisation and highly dense aggregation of high-rise buildings...

... non-destructive testing temperature-related & thermal effects testing, apparatus & methods Concrete material properties (i.e. concrete strength, modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage) change with time, and these properties are significantly influenced by the heat of hydration...

... loads & loading tensile properties testing, apparatus & methods In order to properly predict the behaviour of structures under various types of loading, especially dynamic ones, a comprehensive knowledge of the behaviour of the material of the structural elements under such loads...

... τ_lt is the one that causes clockwise rotation of an RC element (Hsu, 1993). Figure 2. RC membrane elements subjected to in-plane stresses compressive strength cracks & cracking testing, apparatus & methods The behaviour of many complex structures such as curved beams...

... and PC3, with relatively low R² values also mainly obtained (except for PC3 at 28 d, with R² ≈ 0·7). cement/cementitious materials chemical properties testing, apparatus & methods As with other constituents, a range of properties is normally...