... in the life of the local community was often the main requirement for applying for its citizenship, at least until the spread of nation states in the nineteenth century. Citizenship Modern history Europe In this article, I would like to discuss the most recent results of historiographical works...

... Europe The complex process of harmonization (Givens and Luedtke, 2004) of European immigration policy started more than ten years ago, on May 1, 1999 when the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force. On this date, the Member States conferred to the European Union part of their competence to adopt...

...Nicholas Ridley Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the banking systems in Western, and Central and Southeastern Europe, focusing on the interactive factors of anti‐money laundering, transitional economies and the underground illicit economy. Design/methodology/approach Provides...