... of panel data from 30 selected SSA economies for the period spanning from 2000 to 2021. Findings The empirical findings of the regression analysis demonstrate the heterogeneous influences of the exogenous variables on external debt. While there was a positive impact of foreign direct investment (FDI...

... and corruption and shift their domestic operations into foreign countries. This study uses a multiple mediator model to investigate the link between foreign direct investment (FDI), environmental degradation measured as CO₂ emissions (CE), exports and ML for 118 countries between 2008 to 2018...