... the banking system. Instead, the agents who handle the transaction usually settle the debt in another way (Frontier , 2023a, 2023b). The popular paper by El Qorchi et al. (2003) has been mostly cited in vast literatures, especially in terms of “Hawala”. The IFT has been defined in many meanings...

... commercial disputes in the country. Haroun Rahimi can be contacted at: rahimi.haroun@gmail.com © Emerald Publishing Limited 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only The purpose of this study is to explore the role of hawala in supporting Afghanistan’s...

... Group Publishing Limited 2016 Emerald Group Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Organized crime Money laundering Bulk cash smuggling Hawala Pick up any academic book or article on money laundering, and odds are money laundering will be explained as consisting of three...

... and implementation. It illustrates the limited knowledge/research in the field, and the inherent limitations of the current regulatory approach. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012 Money laundering Alternative remittance systems Hawala FATF Afghanistan United Arab Emirates Developing countries...