... Underground banking system Money laundering Terrorist financing Remittances Boyle’s law The term “underground banking system” refers to a money or value transfer system that operates informally (Makkai, 2005). Due to their geographic linkages, informal systems are defined by specific terms like...

...Kaycea Campbell; Anupam Das; Leanora Brown; Adian McFarlane Purpose It has been suggested that homicides in Jamaica are partly driven by conflicts among criminals over funds coming from international lottery scams; most of these funds are channeled into the country via remittances. This study aims...

...Folorunsho M. Ajide The work of Becker (1968) serves as eye-openers to many scholars explaining the tradeoff between crime and reward or punishment of an economic agent for engaging in crime related activities. Recent studies provide insights on how remittances inflow into an economy...

...Panagiotis Liargovas; Spyridon Repousis Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study underground banking between Greece and Albania and provide policy makers with specific policy recommendations to reduce hawala, reduce remittances commissions and improve access of banking services to both...