Travel demand management: a review of recent literature

Travel demand management (TDM) techniques constitute a critical component of sustainable transportation by mitigating travel demand, optimising existing infrastructure, and promoting multimodal mobility. This literature review synthesises recent findings on the efficacy of TDM interventions, highlighting their capacity to address congestion, minimise environmental impacts, and foster economic vitality. The review emphasises the growing importance of integrating emerging technologies and innovative solutions into TDM practices to address evolving urban mobility challenges and improve policy effectiveness. The results underscore the importance of aligning TDM measures with broader sustainability objectives, including equitable access, public health, and holistic urban planning. Practical policy recommendations emphasise collaborative governance, ensuring that TDM strategies not only enhance operational efficiency but also uphold social and environmental goals. By situating TDM within a comprehensive transport policy context, this review advocates resilient, future-focused solutions contributing to vibrant, low-carbon urban environments.