... at the nanoscale. Using basic ideas from quantum physics and statistical mechanics, it shows how thermodynamics is crucial for understanding how nanoscale systems behave. In the context of small-particle ensembles, where quantum effects significantly impact energy landscapes, the use of statistical thermodynamics...

...) fabrication approach provides nanoscale control of thickness, fast switching speed and ease in manufacturability. The commercially available polythiophene PTEBS has been investigated for applications in photovoltaics, ^{6 , 7} and its optical properties have been previously studied as well...