... or promote their use. Subjective PA can have different purposes in organizations (Cleveland et al., 1989 ; Grund and Sliwka, 2009): Appraisals generate information about employees for the human resources management in firms – e.g. for personnel planning, promotions and performance pay...

... and recursive multivariate models are applied to estimate the determinants of employer attitudes toward HRM practices. Findings The incidence of a works council increases the probability of positive employer attitudes toward the incentive effects of performance pay, profit sharing, promotions, further...