... and the rigid column, materialised by roller bearings and a slot of marginally larger width, but with sufficient length (Figure 5). The latter allows the foundation to freely settle during spin-up, without developing undesired negative skin friction. During combined loading, the foundation can freely settle...

...B. Bienen, PhD Candidate; C. Gaudin; M.J. Cassidy Extensive laboratory model tests at earth’s gravity (1g) have been performed during the last two decades to investigate the behaviour of shallow foundations under combined loading. These results have been extremely useful to understand...

.... Emphasis is placed on investigating and establishing the size and shape of the combined vertical-torsion yield surface through the use of pure vertical-loading and vertical-torsion swipe tests. This allowed extension of an existing strain-hardening model for combined loading in three-degrees of freedom...

...Pongsakorn Punrattanasin; Hidetoshi Nishioka; Osamu Murata; Osamu Kusakabe This paper presents the design, mechanism and performance of a combined loading apparatus that has been jointly developed at The Tokyo Institute of Technology and the Railway Technical Research Institute of Japan...