... with the larger strength profiles measured by the cone penetration tests. These experimental trends are also captured by an analytical pile model accounting for suction-induced strength enhancement in unsaturated soils. Experimental variability arising from minor differences in density or load eccentricity...

... is representative of dry soil, and unity, which is representative of saturated soil. Nevertheless, Bishop’s definition of unsaturated soil strength exhibits certain limitations in both practical and theoretical contexts when applied to specific soil types. Prediction of zero suction stress for dry condition...