...Nicholas G. Napolio I scale executive agencies along a liberal-conservative dimension using ChatGPT, a large language model, to produce both static measures of executive agency ideology and dynamic measures spanning 1949-2020, almost five decades more coverage than existing dynamic measures. My...

...% of Democrats have ideal points to the right of the 5th percentile Republican and 16% of Republicans are left of the 95th percentile Democrat. This overlap represents a combination of overlaps within states and regional variation in ideological position of the parties. But by 2020, the overlap is gone. Only 0.2...

... various potential drivers of the electoral persistence of populist parties: candidate quality, selection, office perks, and ideological motivations. Our results indicate that ideological proximity with voters and their demand for descriptive representation are keys for the electoral success of populist...

... or ideological allies. This suggests that members believe that they must be seen as good district representatives and party stewards even when national crises could justifiably induce them to favor any number of interests. Partisan Hypothesis: the higher the centrality of an interest in a legislator’s...

...Christian R. Grose Partisan polarization in Congress is at its highest levels in more than 100 years. Political reformers advocate for changes to electoral institutions in order to reduce legislative ideological extremity, yet political scientists have been surprisingly skeptical that changes...