...Afiq bin Oslan; Ece Şener İpek Leaders from across the political spectrum are often accused of manipulating the media to their benefit. Contemporary developments have proliferated the number of media sources available to citizens. We argue that new, independent media sources may actually be a boon...

...Xiaoli Guo This paper utilizes a game-theoretical model to present a comprehensive framework for understanding the causes and consequences of media censorship backfire. The model examines two state censorship tactics: manipulating media biases and manipulating the citizens’ cost of accessing news...