... builds theory by introducing a typology that categorizes cities based on their level of inclusion and degree of branding, supplemented by an analysis of the branding practices and identities. Integrating the literature on inclusive city and city branding, with a specific focus on the inherent conflict...

...Andrea Lucarelli Purpose The paper aims to offer an approach that allows an analysis and construction of a typology of virtual city brand co-creation practices. Design/methodology/approach The approach is illustrated by using data collected in regard to the branding of Stockholm; it is based...

..., this definition allows us to interpret places as products. Taking a “tongue-in-cheek” example of Bracknell (which appeared on a satirical website) we see the text illustrating the place product concept as defined above: Typology Product concept Place product Place benefit Product technology Resident...

.../methodology/approach – Typology construction was chosen as the main study method. Eight polar place demand patterns were classified on the abstract level, using a set of binary variables of spatial behaviour (migration, natural growth and settling). Based on this typology, eight abstract places were...