... are therefore relativelylow. Surges in such systems have the following general characteristics: (a) amplitudes are low relative to total head on the system; (b) the period of the oscillations is short; (c) damping of the oscillations is poor. 55. Thesignificance of (a) is that, as found at Cruachan...

... EQUATIONS DOWNSTREAM CHAMBERS EXPANSION GALLERIES SURGES THROTTLED DIMENSIONLESS REDUCTION MATHEMATICS INITIAL VALUE CRUACHAN SCOTLAND UK 7109 A new numerical method applied to the study of mass oscillations in a pumped storage hydro-electric scheme J . F. ROBBIE, BSc(Eng).MICE...

... HYDROELECTRICITY SHAFTS STATIONS PUMPED STORAGE DAMS TUNNELS POWER STATIONS CRUACHAN SCOTLAND UK Discussion on Paper No. 6984* Some design and construction features of the Cruachan pumped storage project by W. Young, M.B.E., B.Sc., M.I.C.E., and R. H. Fakiner, B.A., M.A.I., M.I.C.E. Mr C. D...

... HALLS CAVERNS TUNNELS SHAFTS PENSTOCKS SURGES CHAMBERS OUTFALLS STRUCTURES INSTALLATION LAYOUT ROCKS BOLTING ROCKBOLTS BOLTS ROCKBOLTING CONCRETING FORMWORK CONCRETE STEEL LININGS PIPES ERECTION WELDING CRUACHAN SCOTLAND LOCH AWE UK For discussion at an Ordinary...