... Publishing Limited 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited Licensed re-use rights only Life expectancy Longevity risk Gender gap Indexed retirement system Model risk Pension cash flow Indexed pension system Let C be the reference cohort, aged x₀ on the first of January of year...

...Canicio Dzingirai; Nixon S. Chekenya Purpose The life insurance industry has been exposed to high levels of longevity risk born from the mismatch between realized mortality trends and anticipated forecast. Annuity providers are exposed to extended periods of annuity payments...

... over the past decades. The benefits of this apply to the individual, but the dangers apply to annuity providers. Insurance companies often possess no effective tools to address the longevity risk inherent in their annuity portfolio. Securitization can serve as a substitute for classic reinsurance...

... of the property at time t=0. V_h(t) is the value of the property at time t. Anne Zissu can be contacted at: azissu@citytech.cuny.edu © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2013 Reverse mortgages Cross‐over Securitization Longevity risk Credit...

... the effects of natural hedging on an insurer's portfolio consisting of term life insurance and annuities. To measure the effectiveness of natural hedging, assets, liabilities and consequently the possibility of default are taken into account. Longevity risk Mortality risk Natural hedging Life...

... to in a balance‐sheet perspective. In this context, the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) standard calculation is based on a modular approach, where the overall risk is split into several modules and submodules. In Solvency II, standard formula longevity risk is explicitly considered. The purpose of this paper...

...) and systematic (longevity risk) deviations of the number of deaths from the value anticipated for it. This last component gives rise to the risk due to the randomness in the choice of the survival model for valuations (model risk or projection risk). If the insurance risk component can be assumed negligible...