... calculation and analysis, the data were then divided into two significant events: the GFC and the CV-19 pandemic. Additionally, the market deficiency measure (MDM) was utilized to assess and rank market efficiency. Findings The findings indicate that the average returns series exhibited persistent and non...

... pandemic over the short-, intermediate- and long-term horizons. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a unique methodology in a denoised frequency-domain entropy paradigm to the selected equities markets (Li et al. 2020). Findings The authors’ findings reinforce the operability...