... manufacturing listed enterprises. Findings (1) The short-term momentum of industrial robot applications (IRA) on exploitative innovation (EII) is significant and the long-term momentum on exploratory innovation (ERI) is stronger. (2) EII affected by IRA is the main source of short-term total factor...

... is to investigate the joint effects of CEO tenure and CEO–chair duality on a firm’s shifting emphasis between exploitative and exploratory innovation. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes the approach of a longitudinal sample of 81 US pharmaceutical firms. Findings As CEOs’ tenure advance...