Multipurpose algorithm to simulate reinforced concrete structures: macro modelling method

A non-linear finite-element macro-element-based multipurpose algorithm to simulate reinforced concrete (RC) structural members (SMs) such as columns, beams, beam–columns and shear walls under cyclic combined loading is proposed, which can be applied for several different types of loading. In the proposed algorithm, the SMs are divided into an appropriate number of macro-elements and the surfaces of the critical sections are discretised into a large number of fixed rectangular finite fibres. The proposed algorithm has been validated by comparing the simulated results to the results of experimental testing on full-scale RC SMs. To illustrate the influence of the mechanical properties of materials, the influences of reinforcement percentage and lateral force orientation angle and axial force on the behaviour of the SM, a parametric study has been performed. The parametric study allows optimisation of the choices in compliance with the safety and economic criteria in building construction projects. Furthermore, the application of the proposed algorithm illustrates how a heavy axial force makes SMs brittle, reduces the ductility, imposes a large amount of material loss and causes quick failure of the SM.