.... the ground (note also the Top-hat units) through. 8. The top-hat, U and L units were cast hori- Reinforcing zontally and required inner shells. The braces 9. The 5 80 80 mm 316 stainless steel and supports for these had to be positioned to reinforcing mesh was centred in the 50 mm avoid all fabrication...

... procedures forthe efficient large-displacementanalysis of steel frames in the elasto-plastic range. In this Paper, emphasis is given to the development and improvement of a plastic hinge approach using the concept of adaptive mesh refinement. In the companion paper, such a concept is discussed in the context...

... MESHES REFINEMENT KINEMATICS STRESS STRAIN STEEL JACKETS THREE DIMENSIONAL EARTHQUAKES LOADING Adaptivsepacferamaenalysis Proc. lnstn Civ. Engrs Structs & Part 11: a distributed plasticity approach Bldgs, 1993.99, Aug.317-326 B. A . Izzuddin, MSC,PhD and A . S. Elnashai, MSC,PhD Structural...

...F GONZALEZ VIDOSA; G F VIDOSA; M D KOTSOVOS; M N PAVLOVIC; L J PAKIANATHAN; D V PHILLIPS © Thomas Telford and ICE 1992 THREE DIMENSIONAL NON LINEAR FINITE ELEMENTS MODELS STRUCTURAL CONCRETE FAILURES MODELLING CRACKS CRACKING MESHES Threeldimensional nonllinear...