Figure 1. Idealised bar cross-section before and after corrosion: (a) before corrosion, (b) after corrosion (typical), (c) after corrosion (idealised corroded bar) Three panels show concrete section with steel bar corrosion and schematic dimensions. The panel a shows a concrete section with an... More about this image found in Idealised bar cross-section before and after corrosion: (a) before corrosio...

Figure 2. Idealisation of different types of cracks in a reinforced concrete beam A diagram shows cross section side view and bottom view of cracks in reinforced concrete beam. The diagram shows a cross section with four reinforcing bars, alongside a side view where shear cracks, corrosion cra... More about this image found in Idealisation of different types of cracks in a reinforced concrete beam ...

Figure 3. Variation of the nominal moment and axial load for selected beam and column cross-sections A graph shows bending moment and axial load variation with corrosion level for beam and column sections. The horizontal axis shows corrosion level from 0 to 100 per cent. The vertical axis repr... More about this image found in Variation of the nominal moment and axial load for selected beam and column...

Figure 4. The frequency of occurrence in the database of various corrosion parameters A horizontal bar chart shows number of data points for concrete related variables. The horizontal axis shows the number of data points from 0 to 500. The variables include f c about 470, c by D about 470, D ... More about this image found in The frequency of occurrence in the database of various corrosion parameters...

Figure 5. The influence of each parameter on the depth of penetration A bar chart shows absolute partial correlation coefficients for model input variables. The vertical axis shows absolute partial correlation coefficients from 0 to 1. The variables are f c about 0.02, D about 0.07, c about 0.... More about this image found in The influence of each parameter on the depth of penetration A bar chart ...

Figure 6. Three-dimensional variation of depth of penetration x with c/D ratio and crack width W_c A three-dimensional scatter plot shows relation among crack width, c by D, and x values. The horizontal axis shows crack width from 0 to about 3 millimetre. The second axis shows c by D from about 2 to 9. The vertical axis shows x from 0 to about 2 millimetre. The data points indicate that x increases with an increase in crack width and c by D, with clusters observed at lower crack width and lower c by D values and higher spread at larger values. More about this image found in Three-dimensional variation of depth of penetration x with...

Figure 7. Two-dimensional variation of depth of penetration x with c/D ratio and crack width W_c A scatter plot shows relation between crack width and x for different c by D values. The horizontal axis shows crack width from 0 to about 4 millimetre. The vertical axis shows x from 0 to about 2.2 millimetre. Data points are grouped by c by D values 1.0, 1.25, 1.875, 2.5, 3.125, 4.167, 4.375, 7, and 8.75. The values of x increase with increase in crack width, with most points concentrated below 1 millimetre crack width and below 0.5 millimetre x, while higher crack width values show x reaching above 2 millimetre. More about this image found in Two-dimensional variation of depth of penetration x with ...

Figure 8. Three-dimensional variation of depth of penetration x with c/D ratio and crack width ≤1.0 mm A three-dimensional scatter plot shows the relation among crack width, c by D, and x values. The horizontal axis shows crack width from 0 to about 1 millimetre. The second axis shows c by D from about 1 to 9. The vertical axis shows x from 0 to about 1.2 millimetre. Data points with vertical projections indicate variation of x with crack width and c by D, showing x increasing with both variables, with denser clustering at lower crack width and c by D values. More about this image found in Three-dimensional variation of depth of penetration x with...

Figure 9. The proposed formula ( Equation 21 ) and the discrete data points for small crack width ≤1.0 mm Two three-dimensional plots show surface relation among crack width, c by D, and x values. The first plot shows crack width from 0 to about 1 millimetre, c by D from about 1 to 9, and x fr... More about this image found in The proposed formula ( Equation 21 ) and the discrete data points for small...

Figure 10. Two-dimensional variation of depth of penetration x with c/D ratio and crack width >1.0 mm A scatter plot shows crack width versus x for two data sets at different c D ratios. The graph shows crack width from 0 to 4 millimetres against x from 0 to about 2.2 millimetres for two data sets where c D 1.25 values increase from about 0.3 to 2.1 as crack width increases, and c D 2.5 values increase from about 0.3 to 2.2 with slightly lower values than c D 1.25 at most points. More about this image found in Two-dimensional variation of depth of penetration x with ...

Figure 11. The proposed formula ( Equation 22 ) and the discrete data point for large crack width >1.0 mm A scatter plot with fitted curve shows crack width versus x for two data sets and a proposed formula. The graph shows crack width from 0 to 4 millimetres against x from 0 to about 2.2 m... More about this image found in The proposed formula ( Equation 22 ) and the discrete data point for large ...

Figure 12. Assessment of regression model assumptions for large crack width >1.0 mm: (a) linearity check, (b) normality check (Q-Q plot), (c) normality check (histogram), (d) homoscedasticity check, (e) predicted values Five panels show model validation plots including prediction residual di... More about this image found in Assessment of regression model assumptions for large crack width >1.0 mm...

Figure 13. Comparison with the existing models for the case of crack with ≤1.0 mm Three line graphs show crack width versus x with data and multiple model comparisons. The panel a shows crack width from 0 to 1.0 millimetres against x from 0 to about 0.5 millimetres for c D 1.25, where data poi... More about this image found in Comparison with the existing models for the case of crack with ≤1.0 mm T...

Figure 14. Comparison with the existing models for the case of crack width >1.0 mm A scatter plot with multiple lines shows crack width versus x for data and model comparisons. The graph shows crack width from 1.0 to 4.0 millimetres against x from about 0.4 to 2.4 millimetres for data sets ... More about this image found in Comparison with the existing models for the case of crack width >1.0 mm ...

Figure 15. Extended comparison with selected models for the case of crack width >1.0 mm A scatter plot shows prediction to observation ratio versus crack width for multiple models. The graph shows crack width from about 1.0 to 3.8 millimetres against prediction to observation ratio from abo... More about this image found in Extended comparison with selected models for the case of crack width >1....

Figure 1. Overall layout of the bridge (unit: m) A bridge elevation diagram shows span lengths, tower positions, and swivel sections with labelled segments and supports. The diagram presents a cable stayed bridge with span dimensions marked as 200, 294, 226, and 200 metres across the deck, tow... More about this image found in Overall layout of the bridge (unit: m) A bridge elevation diagram shows ...

Figure 2. Cross-section of main span concrete beam (unit: cm) A bridge deck section diagram shows width divisions, slopes, and depth measurements across span. The diagram presents a bridge deck cross section with total width marked as 3750 millimetres divided into segments of 25, 300, 300, 100... More about this image found in Cross-section of main span concrete beam (unit: cm) A bridge deck sectio...