Figure 1. Overview of the research methodology Source: Created by authors A flowchart shows data selection, monthly data collection, statistical analysis, econometric modelling, and software used. The flow begins with data source selection from N P C I for U P I and U P I apps, R B I for A ... More about this image found in Overview of the research methodology Source: Created by authors A flo...

Figure 2. UPI transaction pre-COVID period vs post-COVID period Source: Created by authors A line graph compares pre-Covid and post-Covid transaction values across 45 months. The horizontal axis presents 45 months, while the vertical axis presents transaction value in rupees in crores fro... More about this image found in UPI transaction pre-COVID period vs post-COVID period Source: Created b...

Figure 3. Performance of major UPI apps in India Source: Created by authors A line graph compares Google Pay, PhonePe, and Paytm transaction values from April 2020 to December 2023. The horizontal axis presents dates from April 2020 to December 2023, while the vertical axis presents trans... More about this image found in Performance of major UPI apps in India Source: Created by authors A...

Figure 4. UPI transactions versus POS transaction in India Source: Created by authors A line graph compares U P I and P O S transaction values from July 2016 to November 2023. The horizontal axis presents dates from July 2016 to November 2023, while the vertical axis presents transactio... More about this image found in UPI transactions versus POS transaction in India Source: Created by a...

Figure 5. UPI transaction versus ATM transaction in India Source: Created by authors A line graph compares U P I and A T M transaction values from July 2016 to November 2023. The horizontal axis presents dates from July 2016 to November 2023, while the vertical axis presents transaction... More about this image found in UPI transaction versus ATM transaction in India Source: Created by au...

Figure 1. Framework of methodology Source: Authors’ own research Flowchart illustrating a three-phase strategy development process with specific tasks for each phase, concluding with a decision point for managers regarding strategy selection. The flowchart presents a three-phase process for... More about this image found in Framework of methodology Source: Authors’ own research Flowchart illu...

Figure 2. Barrier management framework Source: Authors’ own research A diagram showing interconnections between barriers, strategies, and resources for sustainability with labeled levels, influencing factors, and direction of flows. The image depicts a conceptual diagram illustrating the re... More about this image found in Barrier management framework Source: Authors’ own research A diagram ...

Figure 1. Technology Organisation Environment Framework ( Tornatzky and Fleischer, 1990 ) A conceptual diagram links external task environment, organisation, and technology with technological innovation decision making. The external task environment includes industry characteristics and market... More about this image found in Technology Organisation Environment Framework ( Tornatzky and Fleischer, 19...

Figure 2. Diffusion of Innovation Theory – IDPM ( Rogers, 1995 ) A flowchart traces innovation adoption through knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. The process begins with prior conditions, including previous practice, felt needs or problems, innovativeness, an... More about this image found in Diffusion of Innovation Theory – IDPM ( Rogers, 1995 ) A flowchart tra...

Figure 3. Conceptual Model A conceptual diagram links I T adoption factors with I T adoption and multinational company performance. Technology factor, organisation factor, and environment factor form the I T adoption factors and connect to I T adoption through relationships P 1, P 2, and P 3. ... More about this image found in Conceptual Model A conceptual diagram links I T adoption factors with I ...

Figure 4. Research Model A conceptual diagram links I T adoption factors with I T adoption and multinational company performance. Technology factor, organisation factor, and environment factor form the I T adoption factors and connect directly to I T adoption. I T adoption then connects to the... More about this image found in Research Model A conceptual diagram links I T adoption factors with I T ...

Figure A1. Dongjin Indonesia Income Report (translated from Indonesia) Table Summary:** This table is titled “INCOME REPORT” and presents data between the dates of 1 January 2019 and 31 July 2021. The columns include “No,” “Document Type,” “Customs Document Date,” “Receipt Document Date,” “Item... More about this image found in Dongjin Indonesia Income Report (translated from Indonesia) Table Summar...

Figure A2. Uni-Charm Indonesia Finance Report Financial table displaying data for UniCharm Indonesia Tbk, including quarterly figures for last price, market cap, equity, revenue, net profit, and various ratios. The image presents a financial table for UniCharm Indonesia Tbk titled “UCID.” The ... More about this image found in Uni-Charm Indonesia Finance Report Financial table displaying data for U...

Figure A3. DamoGO Indonesia’s productivity (translated from Indonesia) Two social media posts report food savings of 2,300 kilograms in July 2020 and 8,348 kilograms in June 2021. The DamoGO account post for July 2020 states that DamoGOers saved 2,300 kilograms of food. The June 2021 post stat... More about this image found in DamoGO Indonesia’s productivity (translated from Indonesia) Two social m...