... of technological capability building to extract policy-relevant advice. Design/methodology/approach As part of a two-year research project, an online questionnaire was designed and sent to biopharmaceutical experts in Iran between May and October 2016. Respondents came from biopharmaceutical firms. Also, 12...

... is the ability to acquire, apply, adapt and create technology. Understanding this ability requires perceiving various processes by which technical change is generated and needed types of technological capabilities (Lall, 1992 ; Viotti, 2002). Moreover, viewing technological learning as process of technical...