Review on road congestion pricing: a long-term land use effect perspective

Road congestion pricing (RCP) is an important way of controlling traffic congestion from the perspective of traffic demand management. This paper introduces the concept and four main types of applications of RCP, summarises the development of RCP theory, reveals the first- and second-order effects of RCP on transportation systems and land use, and analyses the long-term impact of RCP on the spatial location structure of land use. Relevant research progress considering land use effects is systematically and comprehensively reviewed from three research perspectives: demand modelling (pre-RCP), monitoring and analysis (post-RCP) and modelling methods (integration models and other models). The results showed that RCP will affect residents’ travel behaviour in the short term and will lead to changes in spatial location decisions in the long run, thus creating new travel demands and travel modes, affecting the transportation system and urban spatial patterns again. Implementing cordon charges has an agglomeration effect on the population in city centres. Cordon charges also have a significant negative impact on businesses in the toll area and a dispersive effect on jobs. Combined with appropriate strategies for shared autonomous vehicles, RCP can simultaneously improve transportation efficiency and regional accessibility.