Figure 1. Experimental set-up of motorcycle custom mounting for brake emission testing: (a) support overview, (b) air intake and chamber, (c) outlet system Three panels showing motorcycle test setup with chamber, air intake, outlet duct, filter holder, and sampling pump. More about this image found in Experimental set-up of motorcycle custom mounting for brake emission testin...

Figure 2. Rear brake system with self-cleaning disc and sliding calliper A motorcycle rear wheel brake assembly showing brake disc, caliper, mounting components, and surrounding mechanical structure. More about this image found in Rear brake system with self-cleaning disc and sliding calliper A motorcy...

Figure 3. Particle collecting chamber: (a) chamber overview, (b) outlet and sampling duct Part a shows inlet, chamber, outlet, and sampling system around the brake disc. Part b shows the outlet sampling duct connected to filter holder and sampling pump input. More about this image found in Particle collecting chamber: (a) chamber overview, (b) outlet and sampling ...

Figure 4. Speed-control apparatus A motorcycle throttle control setup showing throttle grip connected to pulley driven by an electric motor. More about this image found in Speed-control apparatus A motorcycle throttle control setup showing thro...

Figure 5. Braking actuation and control apparatus A motorcycle rear brake control setup showing pneumatic actuator connected to rear brake pedal. More about this image found in Braking actuation and control apparatus A motorcycle rear brake control ...

Figure 6. Disc temperature using the stock pad set-up: (a) overview, (b) during the first cycle Two-line graph showing brake temperature over time for Stock T 1, T 2, and T 3 during repeated cycles and short interval test. Part a horizontal axis shows time in seconds from 0 to about 3200. Vert... More about this image found in Disc temperature using the stock pad set-up: (a) overview, (b) during the f...

Figure 7. Temperature and mass loss for different pad materials A bar chart with a line plot showing maximum brake temperature and mass loss per braking cycle for metallic, semi metallic, organic, ceramic, and stock pads. The horizontal axis lists pad materials metallic, semi metallic, organic... More about this image found in Temperature and mass loss for different pad materials A bar chart with a...

Figure 8. Example of a sampling filter, test 1 A circular filter sample showing concentrated particle deposit at the center and lighter distribution toward the edges. More about this image found in Example of a sampling filter, test 1 A circular filter sample showing co...

Figure 9. Particles of ceramic pads: (a) 200× magnification, (b) 630× magnification Two microscopic views of collected particles on a surface with scale bars 50 micrometers in part a and 10 micrometers in part b. More about this image found in Particles of ceramic pads: (a) 200× magnification, (b) 630× magnification ...

Figure 10. Particulate matter distribution for organic pads Line graph showing particle number size distribution for organic particles at magnifications 200, 400, and 630. The horizontal axis shows particle diameter d p in micrometers on a logarithmic scale from about 0.1 to above 100. The ver... More about this image found in Particulate matter distribution for organic pads Line graph showing part...

Figure 11. Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for metallic pads A line graph showing particle number size distribution for metallic particles. The horizontal axis shows particle diameter d p in micrometers on a logarithmic scale from about 0.1 to above 100. The vertical axi... More about this image found in Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for metallic pads ...

Figure 12. Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for semi-metallic pads A line graph showing particle number size distribution for semi metallic particles. The horizontal axis shows particle diameter d p in micrometers on a logarithmic scale from about 0.1 to above 100. The ve... More about this image found in Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for semi-metallic pa...

Figure 13. Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for organic pads A line graph showing particle number size distribution for organic particles. The horizontal axis shows particle diameter d p in micrometers on a logarithmic scale from about 0.1 to above 100. The vertical axis ... More about this image found in Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for organic pads ...

Figure 14. Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for ceramic pads A line graph showing particle number size distribution for ceramic particles. The horizontal axis shows particle diameter d p in micrometers on a logarithmic scale from about 0.1 to above 100. The vertical axis ... More about this image found in Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for ceramic pads ...

Figure 15. Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for stock pads A line graph showing particle number size distribution for stock particles. The horizontal axis shows particle diameter d p in micrometers on a logarithmic scale from about 0.1 to above 100. The vertical axis show... More about this image found in Particulate matter distribution and standard deviation for stock pads A ...

Figure 16. Particle matter comparison between different pad materials A line graph comparing particle number size distributions for metallic, semi metallic, organic, ceramic, and stock particles. The horizontal axis shows particle diameter d p in micrometers on a logarithmic scale from about 0... More about this image found in Particle matter comparison between different pad materials A line graph ...

Figure 17. Particulate matter emission for the tested braking pads A grouped bar graph showing percentage of metallic, semi metallic, organic, ceramic, and stock particles at diameters 1, 2.5, and 10 micrometers. The horizontal axis shows particle diameter P M in micrometers with three categor... More about this image found in Particulate matter emission for the tested braking pads A grouped bar gr...

Figure 18. Micrograph of the metallic pad at 200× magnification A micrograph showing metallic fibre primary plateau, formation of secondary plateaus, and polymeric matrix with scale bar 35 micrometers. More about this image found in Micrograph of the metallic pad at 200× magnification A micrograph showin...