Land-use influences on trip-chaining in Portland, Oregon

This paper examines the nature of land-use-based substitution effects on travel modes, examining the direct impact of land uses inducing trip-making behaviours. These impacts are analysed in the context of trip-chaining, defined here as consolidating two or more non-home activities in a single departure from home. The findings suggest that, rather than strictly promoting one type of transportation over another, the regional impact of localised urban design practices is to consolidate trip-making behaviour closer to the home. As such, urban design ‘carrots’ must be complemented by policy ‘sticks’ in order to promote true exchanges of travel modes.